Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that focuses on organizing code into objects, which are instances of classes. Java is a prime example of an OOP language, and its design principles revolve around the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Key Concepts of OOP in Java
Classes and Objects: In Java, everything is an object. Classes define the blueprint for creating objects, which are instances of the class. Objects encapsulate data and behavior together.

Encapsulation: Encapsulation involves bundling data (attributes or fields) and methods that operate on the data into a single unit, the class. Access to the data is controlled through access modifiers.

Inheritance: Inheritance allows a new class (subclass or derived class) to inherit the properties and behaviors of an existing class (superclass or base class). It promotes code reuse and hierarchy creation.

Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It enables method overriding and dynamic method binding.

Abstraction: Abstraction focuses on presenting essential features of an object while hiding unnecessary details. Abstract classes and interfaces provide a level of abstraction in Java.

Benefits of OOP in Java
Modularity: OOP encourages modular design by breaking down complex systems into manageable components (objects). This simplifies development, maintenance, and debugging.

Code Reusability: Inheritance and composition enable code reuse. Existing classes can be extended or composed to create new classes with additional functionality.

Flexibility and Extensibility: OOP promotes extensibility by allowing classes to be easily modified or extended without affecting other parts of the program.

Readability: OOP's emphasis on modeling real-world entities using classes and objects makes the code more intuitive and readable.
Java classes in Pune